Pyometra in Dogs: Understanding the Silent Threat
As responsible dog owners, it is crucial to educate ourselves about the health issues that can affect our beloved furry companions. One such condition is pyometra, a life-threatening infection of the uterus in female dogs. Understanding pyometra, its signs, and the importance of early detection can help us provide timely medical intervention and potentially save our dogs' lives. In this blog post, we will delve into what pyometra is, the signs to watch out for, and why prompt veterinary attention is crucial.
What is Pyometra?
Pyometra, derived from the Greek words "pyo" meaning pus and "metra" meaning uterus, is an infection that commonly occurs in unspayed female dogs. It usually develops in the luteal phase of the estrus cycle, typically around 4-8 weeks after a heat cycle. During this time, the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, hormonal changes can cause the uterine lining to become a favorable environment for bacteria to grow, leading to infection.
Signs of Pyometra
Vaginal discharge: A key sign of pyometra is a thick, pus-like discharge from the vagina. The discharge may be white, yellow, green, or brown in color. This is known as an ‘open’ pyometra, whilst a ‘closed’ pyometra can present with no discharge.
Increased drinking and urination: Dogs with pyometra may drink more water and urinate more frequently due to the infection affecting their hormone levels and kidney function.
Lethargy and depression: Infected dogs often display a lack of energy, reduced appetite, and overall depression. They may appear uninterested in their usual activities and have a diminished zest for life.
As a dog owner who has unfortunately experienced this condition with my 18 month old husky cross, this was the main symptom that we noticed as she didn’t display the other common symptoms on this list.
Swollen abdomen: As the infection progresses, the uterus can become enlarged, causing a distended abdomen. It may feel firm or swollen to the touch.
Vomiting and diarrhea: Some dogs with pyometra may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, which can be attributed to the body's response to the infection.
Increased thirst and dehydration: Due to the systemic effects of the infection, affected dogs may experience increased thirst and subsequently become dehydrated.
Importance of Early Detection and Veterinary Attention
Pyometra is a serious and life-threatening condition that requires immediate veterinary care. Delayed or untreated cases can lead to septicemia (bacteria in the bloodstream), organ failure, and even death. It is important to remember that pyometra can occur in dogs of any age, whether or not they have been bred.
If you notice any of the aforementioned signs in your female dog, it is vital to seek veterinary attention promptly. Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination, conduct blood tests, and may recommend imaging such as X-rays or ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to remove the infected uterus, a procedure known as a spay. In some cases, supportive therapies such as intravenous fluids and antibiotics may be necessary.
In regards to my dog, Sasha, she was thankfully insured with a life time cover, meaning that we were able to have a blood test ran, an ultrasound performed and a urine test done. The blood test came back with her white blood cells negatively off the charts, as well as proof of dehydration, showing that her body had been fighting off an infection for a while. Her ultrasound only showed her uterus to be slightly enlarged, therefore the urine test was done to rule out a urine infection.
When that came back negative, the prognosis was a closed pyometra, and the team performed an emergency spay. Thankfully Sasha performed really well in surgery and the Vet and Nurse team did an amazing job. They only confirmed that her condition was caused by pyometra once they opened up her uterus (after they removed it).
The reason why I am detailing this is because Sasha’s only symptom was depression and lethargy, she was still excited to go for walks, she was still eating, but we noticed that she wasn’t playing as much and wanted to stay in her bed all day. This is just another reason why keeping a note of your dog’s behaviour is so important - and in this case, it literally saved her life.
Prevention
The most effective way to prevent pyometra is to spay your female dog. Spaying eliminates the risk of uterine infections and significantly reduces the chances of developing other reproductive-related health issues, such as mammary tumors and ovarian cancer. Spaying your dog also helps control pet overpopulation, contributing to a healthier canine community overall.
In relation to Sasha, it was always our plan to get her spayed, but we wanted to wait until she was two years old. This was so all of her hormones could help develop her body and mind completely, which included her bone and joint health and her level of confidence. Unfortunatley she was just unlucky!
As dog owners, it is essential to be vigilant about our pets' health and well-being. Recognizing the signs of pyometra and seeking veterinary attention without delay can make a significant difference in the outcome for our furry friends. Remember, spaying your female dog not only prevents pyometra but also offers long-term health benefits. By staying informed and taking proactive measures, we can ensure our dogs live happy, healthy lives free from the risks associated with this dangerous condition.